通风设施防护效果评价指标研究

当前我国职业病危害形势严峻,尘毒危害是职业病危害防治的重点,而通风设施是预防和控制尘毒危害的重要工程防护措施。阐述了通风设施在职业病危害预防与控制方面的作用,对我国企业现行的新风量、全面通风量、通风换气次数和职业接触限值等通风设施防护效果评价指标、国外普遍采用的控制风速防护效果评价指标以及目前有些机构使用的捕集效率评价指标进行了分析和讨论,对新风量、通风量和通风换气次数在职业病危害预评价和控制效果中的应用进行了研究,并得出了我国需建立健全通风设施防护效果评价指标和评估方法的结论。     

职业病危害预评价中某调漆间防护设施的分析与评价

建设项目职业病危害预评价以职业病危害因素的识别和分析为基础,重点对职业病防护设施设置的符合性和有效性进行分析和评价。以某调漆间职业病危害预评价为例,对调漆间可能存在的职业病危害因素进行了识别和分析,通过检查表法对职业病防护设施设置的符合性进行了分析和评价;在防护设施设置符合性分析与评价的基础上,逐一对职业接触限值、控制风速等职业病防护设施有效性评价指标进行了分析与评价,并提出了在调漆操作位应设置吹吸式通风装置或通风柜的建议。     

降低城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施建设与运行费用的本土化方法研究

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术是比较完善的城市生活垃圾处理与资源综合利用方法 ,其推广应用的困难在于建设与运行费用较高。本文分析费用较高的原因 ,提出设备本土化是最好的降低费用方法 ,并分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设备本土化的基础、必要性、可行方案、成功实例以及现行政策及发展趋向 ,可供城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施建设、运行方案及相关政策决策人员参考     

邻避冲突视角下环境群体性事件的发生过程及处理研究

共享发展理念要求全民共享改革发展成果,但当某些利于社会整体发展的项目设施建设将可能损害周边小部分群众个人利益时,政府管理部门如何合理协调处理好整体利益与个人利益的关系显得尤为重要,如果能提前做好相关调查应急预防工作,环境群体性事件的发生是完全可以避免的。本文从邻避冲突视角从微观上分析了环境群体性事件的发生过程、特点和内在机理,论述了邻避冲突引发的环境群体性事件的处理机制和政策措施。结果表明,舆情酝酿是引发环境群体性事件的关键,而解决舆情酝酿的关键则是参与人群边界的确定和恰当的信息公开。因此,建立有效的环境信息公开机制,对解决邻避冲突式的环境群体性事件具有重要的战略意义。同时,围绕邻避类项目的事前评价,提前做好损失预补方案和舆论疏导工作,有助于降低环境群体性事件发生的概率。具体说来主要可以通过建立环境类信息公开机制来了解民众的诉求,确保沟通渠道畅通;在信息公开的基础上,积极拓展并完善舆情监测与舆论引导机制,避免舆论因缺乏引导而持续发酵,引导舆论走向正面;建立环境类项目损害评估机制,本着公平、公正、公开、平等、自愿的原则进行不偏不倚的客观评估,制定科学合理的补偿方案;建立包括直接经济补偿和社会公益补偿等形式多样的环境类损失补偿机制;最后还要建立环境类事件过程监控机制,实行全过程、全方位管控,确保政府管理部门始终处于事件主导地位。在信息化不断发展、公民民主意识不断提升的背景下,努力提升政府治理能力显得尤为重要。在面对可能发生的矛盾焦点突出的环境群体性事件时,政府应当科学分析其产生发展的原因脉络,针对性地提出有效的解决方案。     

城市公共设施安全事故责任主体的辨析

城市公共设施的安全已经影响到社会的正常运转及人们生活的安定。我国大多数城市的公共设施建设与管理比较薄弱，安全事故层出不穷。为了减少事故的发生率，我们必须分析事故的本质原因以及找出事故责任单位，并采取有效的预防措施，将事故控制在萌芽状态。     

Public perception of locally unwanted facilities in Hong Kong: implications for conflict resolution

This paper aims to investigate factors affecting public attitude towards the siting of locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) and to explore the possible strategies to resolve such conflicts. Three questionnaire surveys were undertaken in communities with different siting experiences and socio-economic profiles. Over 750 individuals were successfully interviewed in each study district. The three communities were found to share similar risk beliefs but show variations in the level of awareness of and response to LULUs. In communities with a disproportionate share of LULUs, many residents did not trust the government in handling LULU issues and thought that the siting process was unfair. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis show that people are likely to oppose the siting of a LULU in their community if they have a negative siting experience, do not perceive the need, accord a high risk to the facility and have a low level of trust in government. The resolution strategies preferred by the public are greater public participation and effective mitigation of risks and impacts, rather than provision of compensation and incentives. All these call for policy-makers to be sensitive to local concerns, engage the public in the process, communicate risks effectively and foster trust building.     

Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacteria and viruses in decentralized sewage treatment facilities

• Distribution of ARGs in decentralized sewage facilities were investigated. • Bacitracin-ARGs were most predominant ARGs in rural wastewater. • ARGs were identified in bacterial and viral community. • ARGs of rpoB, drfE, gyrA and parC were both correlated with bacteria and phages. • More attention should be paid to the risk of spreading ARG by phages. The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been intensively studied in large-scale wastewater treatment plants and livestock sources. However, small-scale decentralized sewage treatment facilities must also be explored due to their possible direct exposure to residents. In this study, six wastewater treatment facilities in developed rural areas in eastern China were investigated to understand their risks of spreading ARGs. Using metagenomics and network analysis tools, ARGs and bacterial and viral communities were identified in the influent (INF) and effluent (EFF) samples. The dominant ARGs belonged to the bacitracin class, which are different from most of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The dominant hosts of ARGs are Acidovorax in bacterial communities and Prymnesiovirus in viral communities. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between ARGs and phages. The ARGs significantly correlated with phages were all hosted by specific genera of bacteria, indicating that phages had contributed to the ARG’s proliferation in sewage treatment facilities. Paying significant concern on the possible enhanced risks caused by bacteria, viruses and their related ARGs in decentralized sewage treatment facilities is necessary.     

天津市设施农业循环经济模式及对策研究

设施农业在循环经济背景下使有限的农业资源得到集约、高效的利用,能够大大提高农业效益与农产品质量,代表了现代农业的发展方向。随着天津市设施农业兴起,如何在循环经济的大背景下平稳、高速发展就显得尤为重要。探究了天津市蔬菜、花卉、水果、食用菌基地的循环经济模式,提出应该采取的对策建议。     

我国PX装置安全设施现状与对策

在调查研究的基础上,分析了目前我国PX装置安全设施水平与存在的问题,提出了相应的安全对策。